Protein and Polypeptide Structure

Protein and Polypeptide Structure There are four levels of structure found in polypeptides and proteins. The primary structure of a polypeptide protein determines its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. Primary Structure The primary structure of polypeptides and proteins is the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain with reference to the locations of any disulfide bonds. The primary structure may be thought of as a complete description of all of the covalent bonding in a polypeptide chain or protein. The most common way to denote a primary structure is to write the amino acid sequence using the standard three-letter abbreviations for the amino acids. For example  gly-gly-ser-ala  is the primary structure for a polypeptide composed of glycine, glycine, serine, and alanine, in that order, from the N-terminal amino acid (glycine) to the C-terminal amino acid (alanine). Secondary Structure Secondary structure is the ordered arrangement or conformation of amino acids in localized regions of a polypeptide or protein molecule. Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in stabilizing these folding patterns. The two main secondary structures are the alpha helix and the anti-parallel beta-pleated sheet. There are other periodic conformations  but the ÃŽ ±-helix and ÃŽ ²-pleated sheet are the most stable. A single polypeptide or protein may contain multiple secondary structures. An ÃŽ ±-helix is a right-handed or clockwise spiral in which each peptide bond is in the trans conformation and is planar. The amine group of each peptide bond runs generally upward and parallel to the axis of the helix; the carbonyl group points generally downward. The ÃŽ ²-pleated sheet consists of extended polypeptide chains with neighboring chains extending anti-parallel to each other. As with the ÃŽ ±-helix, each peptide bond is trans and planar. The amine and carbonyl groups of peptide bonds point toward each other and in the same plane, so hydrogen bonding can occur between adjacent polypeptide chains. The helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between amine and carbonyl groups of the same polypeptide chain. The pleated sheet is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the amine groups of one chain and the carbonyl groups of an adjacent chain. Tertiary Structure The tertiary structure of a polypeptide or protein is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms within a single polypeptide chain. For a polypeptide consisting of a single conformational folding pattern (e.g., an alpha helix only), the secondary and tertiary structure may be one and the same. Also, for a protein composed of a single polypeptide molecule, tertiary structure is the highest level of structure that is attained. Tertiary structure is largely maintained by disulfide bonds. Disulfide bonds are formed between the side chains of cysteine by oxidation of two thiol groups (SH) to form a disulfide bond (S-S), also sometimes called a disulfide bridge. Quaternary Structure Quaternary structure is used to describe proteins composed of multiple subunits (multiple polypeptide molecules, each called a monomer). Most proteins with a molecular weight greater than 50,000 consists of two or more noncovalently-linked monomers. The arrangement of the monomers in the three-dimensional protein is the quaternary structure. The most common example used to illustrate quaternary structure is the hemoglobin protein. Hemoglobins quaternary structure is the package of its monomeric subunits. Hemoglobin is composed of four monomers. There are two ÃŽ ±-chains, each with 141 amino acids, and two ÃŽ ²-chains, each with 146 amino acids. Because there are two different subunits, hemoglobin exhibits heteroquaternary structure. If all of the monomers in a protein are identical, there is homoquaternary structure. Hydrophobic interaction is the main stabilizing force for subunits in quaternary structure. When a single monomer folds into a three-dimensional shape to expose its polar side chains to an aqueous environment and to shield its nonpolar side chains, there are still some hydrophobic sections on the exposed surface. Two or more monomers will assemble so that their exposed hydrophobic sections are in contact. More Information Do you want more information on amino acids and proteins? Here are some additional online resources on  amino acids  and  chirality of amino acids. In addition to general chemistry texts, information about protein structure can be found in texts for biochemistry, organic chemistry, general biology, genetics, and molecular biology. The biology texts usually include information about the processes of transcription and translation, through which the genetic code of an organism is used to produce proteins.

The Complete List of High School Classes

The Complete List of High School Classes SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you wondering which classes to take in high school? Do you want to find out what courses may be offered for each subject? We’ve compiled a complete list of high school classes for you to see all the possible course options high school students may have. We'll cover everything from science and math to electives and the humanities. How to Use This List This list was created by researching the classes offered at numerous high schools, both public and private, across the country. Classes are alphabetically organized by subject. While there is a separate section for AP classes at the bottom of the list, other varying levels of difficulty for the same class, such as "honors" or "introductory", were not included in order to make reading the list easier. This list’s purpose is to show you all the possible class options you may have as a high school student. You can use it as a starting point for doing a more in-depth study of your own school’s course offerings. Read through the list below, making note of any courses that you may want to take in the future, then look to see if your school offers them. To find out which classes your own high school offers, look through your school’s course catalog, check the school website, or speak with your academic adviser. What If Your School Doesn’t Offer One of the Classes Listed Below? It would be impossible for any single school to offer every course in this list; there are simply too many. Schools decide which classes to offer based on multiple factors, including student interest, school location, and teacher expertise. If you are interested in one of the courses listed below but don’t see it offered in your school’s course catalog, first talk to your guidance counselor or the department head. Your school may, in fact, offer the course, but under a different name. If there is no comparable course and you are really interested in the subject, you may be able to do an independent study or take the course at a local community college for credit. Ask your guidance counselor for more information on pursuing this option. Complete List of High School Classes Business Accounting Business law Business management Consumer education Entrepreneurial skills Introduction to business Marketing Personal finance Computer Science/Information Technology Animation App development Audio production Computer programming Computer repair Film production Graphic design Media technology Music production Typing Video game development Web design Web programming Word processing English American literature British literature Contemporary literature Creative writing Communication skills Debate English language and composition English literature and composition Humanities Journalism Literary analysis Modern literature Poetry Popular literature Rhetoric Technical writing Works of Shakespeare World literature Written and oral communication Family and Consumer Science Chemistry of foods CPR training Culinary arts Early childhood development Early childhood education Family studies Fashion and retail merchandising Fashion construction Home economics Interior design Nutrition Foreign Language American Sign Language Ancient Greek Arabic Chinese French German Hebrew Italian Japanese Korean Latin Portuguese Russian Spanish Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Math Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Calculus Computer math Consumer math Fundamentals of math Geometry Integrated math Math applications Multivariable calculus Practical math Pre-algebra Pre-calculus Probability Quantitative literacy Statistics Trigonometry Performing Arts Choir Concert band Dance Drama Guitar Jazz band Marching band Music theory Orchestra Percussion Piano Theater technology World music Physical Education Aerobics Dance Gymnastics Health Lifeguard training Pilates Racket sports Specialized sports Swimming Weight training Yoga Science Agriculture Astronomy Biology Botany Chemistry Earth science Electronics Environmental science Environmental studies Forensic science Geology Marine biology Oceanography Physical science Physics Zoology Social Studies Cultural anthropology Current events European history Geography Global studies Human geography International relations Law Macroeconomics Microeconomics Modern world studies Physical anthropology Political studies Psychology Religious studies Sociology US government US history Women’s studies World history World politics World religions Visual Arts 3-D art Art history Ceramics Digital media Drawing Film production Jewelry design Painting Photography Printmaking Sculpture Vocational Education Auto body repair Auto mechanics Building construction Computer-aided drafting Cosmetology Criminal justice Driver education Electronics FFA (Future Farmers of America) Fire science Heating and cooling systems Hospitality and tourism JROTC (Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps) Metalworking Networking Plumbing Production technology Refrigeration fundamentals Robotics Woodworking Advanced Placement Classes AP Capstones AP Research AP Seminar Arts AP Art history AP Music theory AP Studio art: 2-D design AP Studio art: 3-D design AP Studio art: drawing English AP English Language and Composition AP English Literature and Composition History Social Science AP Comparative government and politics AP European history AP Human Geography AP Macroeconomics AP Microeconomics AP Psychology AP United States Government and Politics AP United States History AP World History Math Computer Science AP Calculus AB AP Calculus BC AP Computer Science A AP Computer Science Principles AP Statistics Sciences AP Biology AP Chemistry AP Environmental Science AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based World Languages and Cultures AP Chinese Language and Culture AP French Language and Culture AP German Language and Culture AP Italian Language and Culture AP Japanese Language and Culture AP Latin AP Spanish Language and Culture AP Spanish Literature and Culture What's Next? Now that you know all the possible high school classes out there, which ones should you take? Read our guide to get expert advice on the classes you should take in high school. Wondering which classes you will need to take in order to graduate high school and get accepted into college? Check out our guide on the standard high school curriculum, as well as the classes college admissions officers are looking for. Trying to decide whether to take the ACT or the SAT? Read our guide to figure out which test will get you a better score! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Blues and Jazz Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Blues and Jazz - Research Paper Example The epilogue and the first chapter of the book ‘invisible man’ serve as the basis for this research. Foundation of Jazz Music Jazz music emerged from African Americans in New Orleans As most music scholars would put it, jazz music was among the first American genres that influenced global music. In essence, many share the ideas that this form of music developed after the civil war especially in America (Clark 56). On the other hand, jazz musicians also used this music genre as a platform for advocating for civil rights and equality for the African American minority group. It was a subtle way of dealing with social injustices for which others considered as stereotyping since it mainly targeted those of white color. In essence, music serves as an avenue for communicating across one’s ignorance’s and hatreds hence connecting people for the betterment of the society. With this attribute in mind, many jazz musicians played their music for a purpose that was grea ter than entertainment but as a way of bringing unity for the oppressed. Ellison’s use of Jazz and Blues in the book ‘Invisible Man’ serves as a way of self-expression. ... This explains why the narrator chooses to listen to such music in his underground hole as he strived to peer deeper into the invisible man that he received little attention from the whites. Although many jazz artists were from New Orleans, this does not limit the themes to this location only. On the contrary, many African Americans formed the audience of those jazz artists because the themes expressed reflected the feelings and experience of all of them. Famous jazz artists included Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, John Carter, Wyntons Marsalis, and Wadada Leo Smith. All these artists expressed the feelings of African Americans. They made use of a variety of symphonies that defined their style of the mainstream African music (Clark 80). Jazz emerged at a time when the civil rights movement in America was operating under a compelling impetus. The popularity of jazz music was to contribute greatly to anti-racial themes. This is evident because the song ‘What did I do to be soâ₠¬â„¢ that the narrator in ‘Invisible man’ listened to in the underground hole is a reflection of the sentiments harbored by many of the Black people against racism. Louis Armstrong had remixed the song to address the racism theme that was affecting the Africans Americans. It is worth noting that the emergence of jazz was a motivation of black people to extend their outcry against the institutionalization that slavery had caused. Jazz music formed one of the avenues through which African American could convey their quest for equal treatment. In addition, this was the period shortly after the world war and Africans demanded inclusion in all systems as

Improvement of the Human Capital in Canada Research Paper

Improvement of the Human Capital in Canada - Research Paper Example Comprehensive development includes increasing the knowledge and skill of employees within the workforce. While the initial benefits occur in the industry, the individuals achieve surmountable development through increased knowledge. Highly qualified human capital could contribute immensely to the economic development of different countries. The productivity of any industry depends heavily on the available skills utilized in the manufacturing of products. The human capital can determine the quality of products produced within a country, owing to the skills possessed by the people (Crook et al, 2011). Development of quality production, therefore, would include initial development of human capital at early stages. A proper development program would essentially provide policies seeking to initiate human capital development in schools while offering support to the individuals within the program. Improving human capital through education remains the most popular method of approaching the development paradigm in human capital. The selection of this policy from the broad policy area of income, inequality, and poverty, follows a consideration of the aspects involved in the other policy choices. Within the broad area are three policy categories, seeking to elevate the Canadian citizens from excessive levels of poverty. The broad category involves three elements; income, inequality and poverty. The selection would involve a policy that would sufficiently address the challenges involved in the three categories identified (Riddell, 2007). While the other policy choices involve the implementation of multiple policies in achieving target objectives, this policy choice remains simplified in terms of the implementation process. The enriching of anti-poverty programs would involve numerous programs across the country, which could potentially raise the costs of implementing the policy. The other policy categories remain broad and lack specificity in terms of beginning points and target groups for the policy. The selected policy offers a clear definition of the intended population and implementation stage.

Service to Mankind Essay Example for Free

Service to Mankind Essay Not much over a hundred years ago, electricity, except in the form of lightning, was an unknown force. Its discovery was due to Michael Faraday, the great English scientist. On one occasion, about 1830, he was showing one of his early experiments to a distinguished company at the Royal Institution in London. He showed that when a magnet was brought suddenly near a coil of wire, a slight current of electricity was produced in the wire. Afterwards a lady said to him, But, Professor Faraday, even if the effect you explained is obtained, what is the use of it?† Madam, replied Faraday, will you tell me the use of a new-born child? The new-born child has grown to be a full-grown giant; for it is now one of the greatest natural forces that man has tamed to his own service. The ways in which men have learnt to use this great force are so many those only a few can be touched upon here. The first result of Faradays discovery was the electric telegraph, by which messages can be sent to a distance by means of an electric current sent along a conducting wire. Telegraphy means writing-at-a-distance. The first telegraph was installed in England, in 1835. Since then it has spread all over the world. Not long after, the submarine electric cable was laid under the Atlantic Ocean, connecting England with America. The next great invention was the electric telephone, first installed in England in 1876. The word telephone means speaking-at-a-distance; for by the telephone the human voice is carried to a distance by an electric current carried along a conducting wire. By its means we can talk to people, and hear them talking to us, hundreds of miles away. In our own time has come the wonderful invention of radio or wireless. Marconi found that messages could be sent by the electric waves in the ether, without any conducting wires. This led to broadcasting, by which we can hear music and speeches from countries hundreds and even thousands of miles away. Electric light came into use in the 19th Century, and it is the most used form of lighting today. Then electric power was applied as a motive force to machinery; and electric trams, electric trains, and electrically driven machinery came into use. Electricity is used also for heating houses, for cooking, for refrigerating, and in many other useful ways. If the nineteenth century was the age of steam, the period in which we are now living is the age of electricity.

Analysis of William Wordsworths Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tinte

Analysis of William Wordsworth's Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey William Wordsworth poem 'Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey'; was included as the last item in his Lyrical Ballads. The general meaning of the poem relates to his having lost the inspiration nature provided him in childhood. Nature seems to have made Wordsworth human.The significance of the abbey is Wordsworth's love of nature. Tintern Abbey representes a safe haven for Wordsworth that perhaps symbolizes a everlasting connection that man will share with it's surroundings. Wordsworth would also remember it for bringing out the part of him that makes him a 'A worshipper of Nature'; (Line 153). Five different situations are suggested in "Lines" each divided into separate sections. The first section details the landscape around the abbey, as Wordsworth remembers it from five years ago. The second section describes the five-year lapse between visits to the abbey, during which he has thought often of his experience there. The third section specifies Wordsworth's attempt to use nature to see inside his inner self. The fourth section shows Wordsworth exerting his efforts from the preceding stanza to the landscape, discovering and remembering the refined state of mind the abbey provided him with. In the final section, Wordsworth searches for a means by which he can carry the experiences with him and maintain himself and his love for nature. . In the first stanza, Wordsworth lets you know he is seeing the abbey for a second time by using phrases such as "again I hear," "again do I behold," and "again I see. He describes the natural landscape as unchanged and he describes it in descending order of importance beginning with with the 'lofty cliffs'; (Line 5) dominantly overlooking the abbey. After the cliffs comes the river, , then the forests, and hedgerows of the cottages that once surrounded the abbey but have since been abandoned. After the cottages, is the vagrant hermit who sits alone in his cave, perhaps symbolizing the effects being away from the abbey has had on Wordsworth. Wordsworth professes to "sensations sweet / Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart" (lines 28-29) which the memories of nature can inspire when he is lonely, just as the hermit is lonely. Wordsworth desires nature only because of his separateness, and the more isolated he feels the mor... ...ame more involved with human concerns. He has become more thoughtful and sees nature in the light of those thoughts. He has traded the boundless energy for maturity and the "still, sad music of humanity" (line 92). Wordsworth ends the poem with the fifth stanza, a farewell to the abbey and the inspiration it has given him. He realizes that there may come a time when he may no longer be able to inspire himself with life-changing situations, and that he will not be able to run back to Tintern Abbey to find himself again. He does what he can, though. He will also be able to rely on his sister, who shared these experiences with him and in whose voice "I catch the language of my former heart, and read my former pleasures in the shooting lights of thy wild eyes" (lines 117-120). Eventually even these may fail him, and in the closing lines of the poem he consoles himself that he and his sister will be able to look back fondly and at least remember their shared time together. Works Cited: Wordsworth, William. Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 6th ed. Vol. 2. M. H. Abrams Gen. ed. New York, London: Norton. 2 vols. 1993.

Automobile Sector in India Essay

The Automobile industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India manufactures over 17. 5 million vehicles (including 2 wheeled and 4 wheeled) and exports about 2. 33 million every year. It is the world’s second largest manufacturer of motorcycles, with annual sales exceeding 8. 5 million in 2009. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the seventh, with an annual production of more than 3. 7 million units in 2010. According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to become the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, growing 16-18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia’s fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. We are all well aware of the fact that, for decades the Indian automobile industry was way behind some of the most influential economies in the world like USA and Japan. The Indian automobile industry, though in its nascent stage, is expected to set the ball rolling in the Indian Economy as well. Coming to the automotive trends, today, the Indian automobile industry is one of the most vibrant, modern and upbeat automobile markets in the world. It is also the second largest two-wheeler market in the global map. With the emergence of the financially sound middle class, the four-wheeler segment is set for tremendous growth and one can expect of more impetus to the economy from this sector. No wonder then that this industry has become the centre of attraction for most of the global automotive giants the world over. The factors playing a key role in the Indian automobile industry trends are as follows: Government: Unlike in the past, the Indian Government has gone through a total role reversal by becoming the enabler rather than the controller. In the recent past it has started providing better infrastructure and a conducive atmosphere to attract investments and implementing growth oriented economic policies. Competition: With the coming of the multinationals, an immense pressure has grown on the Indian companies. As a result, a lot of joint ventures have taken place, some others have invested heavily on R&D to build their own empires and the rest have perished. Customer: Armed with higher buying power and an ever increasing expectation from products and services, the customer is undoubtedly the king and has propelled a fierce competition among the major players in the market. Pollution and Safety Norms: cars as well as two-wheelers have met the most stringent international norms of pollution. Euro II vehicles have become the norm of the day all over India. Unfortunately, in the Indian context, safety in motor vehicles is a relatively neglected area. Bad roads coupled with the absence of adequate safety features in the vehicles such as airbag and crumple zone needs immediate attention. But awareness is on the increase and the use of seat belts while driving has been made mandatory. Bikes: Keeping apace with the global trends the two-wheeler segment has witnessed tremendous growth both qualitatively and quantitatively. Bikes with higher engine capacities have done commendably well on the Indian roads. Bike styling and fuel efficiency has also seen major developments. In short, the Indian automotive industry is set for exponential growth in the future. Consistent growth and dedication have made the Indian automobile industry the second- largest tractor and two-wheeler manufacturer in the world. It is also the fifth-largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world. The Indian automobile market is among the largest in Asia. The key players like Hindustan Motors, Maruti Udyog, Fiat India Private Ltd, Tata Motors, Bajaj Motors, Hero Motors, Ashok Leyland, Mahindra & Mahindra have been dominating the vehicle industry. A few of the foreign players like Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd. , Skoda India Private Ltd. , Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. have also entered the market and have catered to the customers’ needs to a large extent. Not only the Indian companies but also the international car manufacturing companies are focusing on compact cars to be delivered in the Indian market at a much smaller price. Moreover, the automobile companies are coming up with financial schemes such as easy EMI repayment systems to boost sales. There have been exhibitions like Auto-expo at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi to share the technological advancements. Besides, there are many new projects coming up in the automobile industry leading to the growth of the sector. Year All Vehicles (in ‘000) Two Wheelers (in ‘000) Cars, Jeeps and Taxis (in ‘000) Buses (in ‘000) Goods Vehicles (in ‘000) Other Vehicles (in ‘000) 200154,99138,5567,0586342,9485,795 200258,92441,5817,6136352,9746,121 200367,00747,5198,5997213,4926,676 200472,71851,9229,4517683,7496,828 200580,04557,41710,4608224,0537,337 200688,06863,48711,5718794,3457,891 200796,80870,14112,8109364,6528,464 2008106,59177,58814,2221,0035,0189,065. Total Number of Vehicle Registrations in India from 2001 to 2008 Investment in Automobile Sector Nearly every automobile company is investing at a higher rate than ever before to achieve a high growth trajectory. The overall investment in the sector has been increasing quite rapidly. It is expected that by the end of 2010 Indian automobile sector will be investing a huge amount as Rs. 30,000 crores. Top ten players in the Indian automobile sector:- The domestic players as well as the foreign players dominate the Indian automobile sector. The key players contributing to the growth of the sector are discussed below. The key players in Indian automobile industry are: 1) Maruti Udyog Limited 2) Hero Motors Limited 3) Tata Group 4) Bajaj Auto Limited 5) Mahindra Group 6) Ashok Leyland 7) Yamaha Motor India 8) Hyundai Motors India Limited 9) Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited 10) Honda Siel Cars India Limited Growth in the Sector At present the industry is enjoying a growth rate of 14-17% per annum, with domestic sales growth at 12. 8%. The growth rate is predicted to double by 2015. As it is seen, the total sales of passenger vehicles – cars, utility vehicles and multi-utility vehicles – in the year 2005 reached the mark of 1. 06 million. The current growth rate indicates that by 2012 India will overtake Germany and Japan in sales volumes. Financing schemes have become an important factor in the growth of automobile sales. More and more financial schemes are coming up with easy installment plans to lure the customers. Apart from domestic production, the industry is consistently focusing on the automobile exports. The auto component segment is contributing a lot in the export arena. The liberalized policies of the government are now making the companies go for more and more exports. The automobile exports are increasing year by year. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufactures (SIAM) automobile exports in the last five years are as follows:- Export trend over the last five years List of predictions for this year by looking at what the bygone year had given us. The Indian automobile industry is going through a phase of rapid change and high growth. With new projects coming up on a regular basis, the industry is undergoing technological change. The major players are expanding their plants and focusing on mass customization, mass production, etc. Domestic Sales Volumes Will Rise but Growth Could Come Down The 2010 calendar year was great for the Indian automobile industry, and sales of vehicles are expected to continue upward journey in 2011. However, the industry may not be able to copy the growth rates registered in the last two years. In the first half of 2010, the industry witnessed a steep 32% average monthly sales growth, which came down to 25% in the latter half. In addition, the year-on-year growth in sales is expected to be higher during the latter half of 2011 as compared to the growth in the first half of the year. Along with the high base effect of 2010, the awaited firm up of interest rates could also bring about the reduction in growth rates this year. Exports to Increase in 2011 Almost 65% of total automobile exports from India are two-wheelers, and as a result, performance of this segment has a major influence on overall auto export volumes. And after experiencing over 30% jump in exports in 2010, the industry is expected to register moderate growths in two-wheeler exports in 2011. Nonetheless, a competitive and aggressive approach from the original equipment manufacturers vehicle categories (commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles and two & three wheelers) would help bring an increase in overall export of vehicles from the Indian market in 2011. Additionally, there are many companies that want to make India their export hub, thereby increasing the chances of increasing exports. Healthy Economic Growth to Uplift Sales Healthy growth of the economy would drive the automobile sales in the domestic market. The chief growth drivers of the automobile industry in the Indian market would be stable economic environment, healthy IIP growth, favourable liquidity and availability of finance. Other things that would positively affect the Indian automobile industry include road network development activities, strong growth in construction activities and the expected healthy performance of the industrial sector. When it comes to personal transport vehicles, increase in disposable income and a strong line up of upcoming new launches is expected to boost demand and sales. The passenger vehicle industry (cars + utility vehicles) is expected to witness launch of as many as 30 new models/variants in 2011. Much in with 2010, 2011 will also see a lot of action in the small car segment. Sales of luxury cars is also going to grow at a fast pace. Sports utility vehicles (SUV), which have a relatively smaller market share in the Indian passenger vehicle market is also going to grow up tremendously as manufacturers have lined up 10 new model launches for the coming year. Indian car manufacturers are also doubling up their efforts to push their passenger vehicles into the rural and semi-urban markets, which would greatly enhance sales. Profit margins to improve marginally The Indian automobile is expected to record growth in revenues supported by in the domestic as well as export market. Nevertheless, as the commodity prices are expected to remain constant, the pressure on margins would increase largely. Besides, the entry of several other OEMs that have lined up elaborate investment plans is also going to benefit the industry in the domestic market. The new car launches that have been lined up for this year are going to increase expenditure on advertising and promotional activities. But that is no cause for the buyers as these companies are likely to transfer only a small part of the cost burden by increasing the car prices. Strategies that manufacturers are likely to adopt are: 1 > Commercial vehicles 2> New model launches 3> Product innovation would take prime importance to create new market segments 4> Launch new cars for the international market 5> Easy car finance options for potential customers 6> Competitive pricing Key Success Factors. The Key Success factors in the Motor Vehicle Manufacturing industry are: Efficiency factor – Improve labour productivity, labour flexibility, and capital efficiency Resource Availability – Quality manpower availability, infrastructure improvements, and raw material availability Effective cost controls – Close relationship with supplies and goods distribution channels. Establishment of export markets – Growth of export markets Having an extensive distribution/collection network – Goods distribution channels. Successful industrial relations policy – Ethical and tactical industrial relations Access to the latest available and most efficient technology and techniques – The degree of investment in technological improvements and product development Optimum capacity utilisation – The level of plant utilisation Management of high quality assets portfolio – Understanding implications from Government policies References:- Wikipedia Rcnos. com Managementparadise. com www. carazoo. com siamindia. com automobileindia. com.

Introduction to Management

Louis Button is one of the most valuables brand in its category which is Luxury in goods. Its products includes of leather goods, handbags, trunks, shoes, watches, jewelry and accessories. Most of people adorned with the LB monogram which designed by well known designer and easily noticeable with simple live style as the idea. Louis Button with a brand Value of $28. 4 Billions in USED with a sales of $9. 4 Billions (Reuters, 2013). 3. Country Background Louis Button headquarters is located in Paris, they had open many outlets all around the world and Singapore have 3 big outlets and the latest which located inMarina Bay Sands that open unique â€Å"island† store that will â€Å"float† on the water. Singapore it's a developed country which also attract tourist from other countries to come to visit as a traveler as well as shopper. The three outlets can be found in Tasmania, ION and Marina Bay sands. 4. SOOT Analysts Soot analysis are the shorten words of Strength, Weakne sses, Opportunities and Threats. SOOT analysis are mainly used for a company to build their outlets/factory in overseas to extend their products and profits. 4. Strength Brand Value ( the brand is one of the oldest fashion houses with more than 150 ears) Easily recognizable (the logo and monogram) The brand has it own outlets in most of the large shopping center. Well known Designer Custom Tailored available for elite customers 4. 2 Weakness The Shops only available in exclusive stores making it difficult for developing countries The most expensive price compare to other competitors Rarely to give discounts to customers 4. 3 Opportunities The company needs to make new current fashion trends Large market for luxury goods Celebrity attractions Synergy between brands/merger 4. Threats Financial crisis Competitors Increased market for counterfeit products Resources are decreasing . PEST analysts 5. 1 Political and legal The anti-counterfeiting trade agreement (ACTA) aims to establish an d international legal framework for targeting counterfeit goods. Where as in Singapore has become one of the biggest shopping country in Asia, furthermore Singapore is a Bureaucratic country and extremely centralized, with 17% corporate tax, less tax regimes; investors are not subject to capital gains tax, dividend tax, and foreign exchange controls (Merger, 2013).On august 9 1965 Singapore became and independent nation and consistently increased their economy, by maintaining their productivity with a stable overspent and has severe laws in place and due to strict governance and associated fines less corruption, efficient and transparent government. Singapore has ranked the 1st in the global enabling trade index and 18 FAT with trading partners in their trade policy. Singapore itself have a strong economy statistics. It was recorded and the data shown as interest rate:O. 2%, Growth rate; 6. 90%, Jobless Rate 2. 10% and GAP per Capita $37,293 (Merger, 2013).This massive record shows that Singapore have strong basis economy in their government. Louis Button with a sales of 7. 2 billions in 012 were involved in Singapore Trade to GAP ratio of 270. 8%, and high dependency on global market trends and fluctuations in macro economy. Singapore citizen with excellent education and healthcare (Saurian C, 2013). Literacy rate of 92. 5% and a multitasking language where they lived as a multinational country that supports every citizens to speak 2 languages, as their mother tongue is Mandarin or English. A significant percentage of non-residents who lived in Singapore with a Gin coefficient index of 48. Shows that Singapore can easily adapt with foreign where the employee of the company can interact with customers behavior and promote their products relay on their cultures behavior and difference. In the last tens of years ago, technology in Singapore has a massive evolved of their needs. The growth of technology helps Louis Button to communicate with their headquarters, d ue the change of currency, products release, transactions and supports more efficient. Furthermore it give a huge impact for both companies and countries to safe their times to manage their needs.Whereas Singapore had become a developed country the change of technology to renew their materials use its not problem for them to follow the world trade business. 6. Porter's Analysis Porter's Five Forces Analysis 6. 1 Threat of New Entrants Low; Competitor : GUCCI, Yves Saint-Lauren, Channel, Bally. Jewelry; Montanan, Bulgaria, Carrier, Office Pannier. Even though LEVY have a strong many competitors Luxury goods, LEVY offer a strong and unique in their products such as; high quality products, well service for every customers and brand value.Furthermore, LEVY has no worries with their competitors they have a loyal customers who always bought the products and advertise to their friends, longstanding commitment to quality and Investment required would be extremely large for those who do busi nesses. Besides that for a new goods brands wont give an impact to LEVY (Dang, 2013). 6. 2 Bargaining Power's of Suppliers For a big company LEVY have a Suppliers and subcontractors are required to comply with strict environmental guidelines.Where LEVY needs lots of materials they will have many offers which the company produce the materials with the lowest deals and highest quality needs (Dang, 2013). 6. 3 Bargaining Powers of Customers With branded name and value customers had become the most loyal of companies buyers, from the experience that they ever had, has build the trust and set their mind become a loyal buyer. Fashion is a trend with a strong name LEVY has put their products into the top levels and Louis Button products are never on sale. 6. 4 Threats of Substitute Products High profile luxury goods LEVY brands have high quality products differentiations and believe. . 5 Rivalry Among Competitors Moderate; In every company will always have their own competitors in this cas e LEVY are working in Luxury industries in a big scale to have an competitors will always be a positive things to brought new ideas and trends, in fact competitors do not sell exactly same products and different brand value (Dang, 2013). To make LB more appealing to the consumers, some products of the brand can be made available only in small quantities, by limiting its production of certain products from time to time, or producing special edition of the same handbag in different markets.LB product could become even more premium, Create products for collection of limited editions, expend the trend by increasing the popularity by advertisement. Open their outlets store only in high end malls all around the world. To become more premium in their products LEVY may consider to concentrating its equines model to production of leather goods only becoming specialist in their interest. Louis Button is one of the leading fashion trends industries in the world which has significant every year .Louis Button will always have their loyal customers where they bought their new products, with a strong brand value LEVY has no worries with their competitors. On the other hand due the change of time they have to consider with their resources that year by years will decreased their materials. Louis Button shall put more concern on their weakness in both internal and external put them in the Geiger level of luxury goods market. They may consider to merge with other company in different products offer to increase and fasten their sales.

Expanding Nation

Expanding Nation Free Online Research Papers Manifest destinythis not only drove economic expansion but is still a core belief for Americans today, the virtue of the American people and their institutions; the mission to spread these institutions, thereby redeeming and remaking the world in the image of the U.S; the destiny under God to accomplish this work. Expansion westward was led by the American Puritan work ethic which played a huge roll in economic growth. The Westward Expansion played a significant role in the America history, because it caused the population movement and the productivity of lands, and in terms it caused a massive economical growth in the west during the 19th century. The US economic development in the 19th century was characterized by the westward movement of population and the accumulation of productive lands. After President Thomas Jefferson purchased Louisiana territory, it doubled the size of the United States landmarks. Also it increased the size of America population, where many individuals both internal and external settled in their new land in search of a better opportunity. Therefore, in just a few years there were tremendous shifts in West demographic population. It is recorded that million of Europeans migrated to west. This strong population growth resulted in major production and development of productive lands, which in terms increased the economic growth in the United States. With a great number of mig rations, the cost of labor and transportation were significantly low. (Davidson 2002) The migration population brought with them unique skills that became very useful and profitable for the land owners. Besides new types of technological devices, also they were clearing, breaking, irrigating, draining, and fencing new areas of lands in order to make the lands more productive and lucrative. Another product that increased the profit of the Westward Expansion was the massive amount of cotton that was being produce in the South. South was dominating the cotton market, because they had sufficient slaves to produce more cottons than any other regions. In addition, transportation also made a major impact in the US economy, because ordinary business men were able to transport their goods at the cheap rate and efficient. The presence of steamboats and railroad tracks also revolutionized how the goods were being transported to the internal and to the international market. (Davidson 2002) While the America economy, demographic, social and political system were changing; the economy and the social system of every region were also taken a different format. Economical growth in the west brought a great deal of wealth to the American economy, but it also transformed the appearance of everyday society as well as the intellectual capabilities of certain individuals. During the developmental era, they were a major gap between rich and poor. Due to these social changes, many individuals who once use to associate with their neighbors begin to distance themselves. For instance, professionals, storekeepers, clerks, office workers, and supervisors begin to only intermingle with individuals within their social status. In addition, the social environment between South and North were also changing. For instance, south was a rural region, where 84 % of labor force were engaged in agriculture, where as in the North, only 40 % of labor force were involved in the agriculture business. Therefore, southerners were able to produce more nations products than the northerners. For this reason that many of the individuals from the south find themselves working in the industrial fields rather than pursuing education. Average southern white children spend only one-fight as much time in school as did their northerners counterparts. When it comes to living arrangements, 1 out 10 southern lived in the cities and town and in north 1 out 3 people lived in the cities and town. Therefore, these phenomena led the regions to have different sectionalism. Each wave of immigrant sought an area of the US which was most familiar to them. Thus the Scandinavians moved into Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Dakotas and Iowa. The Welsh went to the mountains of Appalachia. The English went into the South and The Germans into Pennsylvania and then down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The French went into Louisiana. This lead to regionalism and variations in the social systems, which to some extent still exist. It can be seen in differential accents, laws, religious traditions etc. (Davidson 2002) The opening of our shores to every one also made us a dumping ground for those undesirables found in the rest of the world. The programs of Russia, Poland and Eastern Europe, the forced labor of the Chinese and Africans brought a broad view of ourselves as the melting pot of the world and that the rest of the world was xenophobic. It had little impact on domestic policy until the early 20th century when quotas began to be imposed. On the foreign front, we welcomed these people with open arms because of our need for cheap labor. Our foreign policy was to keep the gates open. Research Papers on Expanding Nation19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Marketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

How To Write Conclusion Paragraph For Essay, with Example

How To Write Conclusion Paragraph For Essay, with Example How to Write a Conclusion Paragraph for an Essay Thinking over a Conclusion When thinking of how to end an essay, it is necessary to ask yourself questions with regards to your conclusion. Examples of these questions include: Does my conclusion reference the title and thesis of the essay? How relevant is my conclusion to the title of the essay? Is my conclusion in line with the evidence as well as the argument I have presented in my article? Is there any new piece of information that I have introduced within my conclusion? The above questions are simply guidelines that should help you write a conclusion that includes all the necessary issues while avoiding everything that is irrelevant. A conclusion should have a lasting impact on the audience, and hence it is important that the writer gets it right. Start Combinations of Words for Conclusion When writing the introduction, starting has always proved to be a challenge, and the same can also be said when writing a conclusion albeit to a lesser degree. It is important to choose appropriate start combinations of words when writing a conclusion and not just because they signal the end of the article but also because they help elevate the status of an essay. Below are some tips to help you choose start combination of words when writing a conclusion: Select words that signal the end of the article, for example: Finally, In conclusion, In summary, etc. The above words and phrases are indeed overused but, on the other hand, they help to ensure continuity in an article and to signal to the audience that the end is nigh. It is important to consider the option of using one-syllable words. Regardless of how good an article is, the use of simple language while ending the essay often creates or brings about an effect of understated drama. Advices Concerning Conclusion Writing Essay conclusion writing for a perfect essay should be smooth, mainly because no research is involved in this section. Writers are simply expected to use information from their article or essay to conclude. It is, therefore, in comparison to the other sections, the easiest of all. However, few students find it smooth while others struggle with simple things such as synthesizing their main points. Below are some tips on how to write an essay conclusion: Provide a link between the conclusion and the first paragraph. This is often done by using or repeating or reusing a word or a phrase that was included in the first paragraph. Conclude your essay by setting your discussion to a larger or a different context. Increasing the essays limits or coverage is important. If, for example, you were handling an essay on social inequality in the US in the early 20th century, you could expand it or link it to the current social inequality index in the US. Try and avoid providing vague summaries of your main points. Writers should focus on synthesizing their main points and explaining to their audience how their arguments fit in the topic of discussion. Summaries seem flat and might leave much to be desired while also leaving the audience dissatisfied. Include the implications of your study or research. Depending on the topic under study, you should answer the question what does your argument suggest, involve or imply? You should at least try and mention how your line of thinking fits into the world or should shape or affect the overall perception of a topic. Include a section that proposes or suggests a course of action. After reading the article, your audience should be able to apply the information acquired to their life or business or put your argument to test. Reference to Thesis The entire essay should be a reference to your thesis statement including the conclusion. As a matter of fact, an essay conclusion should include a section that restates or rephrases the thesis statement. However, it is essential to remember that restating the thesis is not the main goal. The writer should avoid rephrasing without having a predetermined purpose. You should make a substantive change to the thesis to help elevate and reinforce the main argument of the article. The audience should feel convinced that the argument presented fits perfectly with the topic under study. Other Advices Since conclusions only provide a summary of the essay, it is wise to avoid including a lot of information and risk contradicting some of your arguments. Make your essay conclusion short and include only the essentials. Avoid giving apologies for some of the arguments or ideas included within the article. Things to Avoid in Conclusion Writing When writing a conclusion, students use different strategies, but it is vital to avoid the following methods or strategies: Avoid using ending clichà ©s such as â€Å"In conclusion†, â€Å"In summary†, â€Å"In closing†, etc. The above are often referred to overused phrases and thus paint a negative picture of the writer. In speeches, these phrases might be appropriate, but in writing, it is important to systematically outline the points and prepare the readership for the conclusion. Rephrasing the thesis statement without making any fundamental changes. Students are always advised to end their essays by rephrasing their thesis statements. However, it would appear inexperienced, lacking in creativity, and shallow in the topic under study if they only paraphrase their main argument. For the end to be meaningful, the writer should rephrase the thesis, but make sure that the change if of value. Do not introduce a new idea or topic in the conclusion. These should be included in the main body of the essay. A conclusion is often short and includes information that has already been incorporated in the article or essay. It is, therefore inappropriate to add new information. Avoid including citations or quoting statistics or quotations in the conclusion. Like the above warning, these should also be in the body of the paper. While conclusions often make emotional appeals to audiences, it is essential to avoid making appeals that are not in sync with the rest of the paper. All information that is included in the conclusion should coincide with the rest of the paper. It is, therefore, reckless to include anything that signals differently. Example of Conclusion The truth is, African countries are yet to experience real democracy. Additionally, those who think that they are experiencing or have experienced democracy in the past are only living in denial. The rise of power-hungry leaders who are fueled by their quest for supreme power and material things has undermined the hope for a better future for Africans. Transfer of power is proving to be a big issue, and the citizens are undoubtedly the victims in this story. However, a significant majority is still hopeful of change and have tried their best to forge diplomatic fights against their governments. It is this undying and contagious love for country as well as a resolute spirit of not giving up that motivates this group and albeit fuzzy, the future will indeed be better.

Leadership Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership Reflection - Essay Example leader is the transformational leadership in which I try to set down such standards that those following me find easy to follow by their own willingness. Other domains in which I see myself as a leader are intrapersonal leadership because I tend to lead my own self in a very effective way; and, interpersonal leadership because I believe that I conduct effective relationship management with my stakeholders through effectual conflict management based on active communication and collaboration. I keep everyone on the platform happy and satisfied and keep them motivated through personal attention and rewards. These were some domains in which I see myself as a good and ethical leader. 2. I take care of the employees so as to preserve a vigorous environment within the organization. I verify that the salaries are being paid in time; try to pursue a system of rewards and bonuses; and, listen to the employees’ troubles and try to remove them. This keeps them working at high competence. I make agreements with business partners while respecting their decisions. This confidence between the partners makes the organization grow and maintains its integrity. I know how to schedule my projects keeping in mind the time frame and instruct the team to manage work schedule accordingly. I know that I have to abide by the rules and regulations I have agreed upon while signing a contract and will never back off. All this adds to the progress of my organization. Strengths that I wish to develop include vision and framing my actions according to ethics. I want to develop a brawny vision so that I am able to solve problems with ethical values. I want to be able to frame my acti ons in such a way that they go just in accordance to my inner beliefs and standards because according to Freeman and Stewart (2006), leadership is â€Å"a fully ethical task†. 3. When I look at my past, I come across many events that have changed my inner self to the kind of person I am today. My leadership skills

M.I.C.E. (Meeting, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions) Essay

M.I.C.E. (Meeting, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions) - Essay Example Justification to this context can be provided by taking consideration of the reliance of multiple business oriented nations on this tourism and event management segment (ICCA - International Congress and Convention Association, 2013). In accordance to the projections made by the statistical data, the M.I.C.E business, after the economic recession of 2009 have made significant amount of contribution in terms of supporting the destabilised state of the economies of multiple small and large nations. For instance, between the periods of 2009 to 2013, the reliance of global superpowers such as China and the US has majorly increased over the conduction of M.I.C.E business conferences. Irrespective of all these, the arrangement and conduction of an M.I.C.E conference is not an easy job and requires availability of appropriate count of resources. This is due to the fact that all the necessary bookings and arrangements are needed to be done in advance and should project perfect alignment with the client side requirements. Taking these aspects into consideration, the discussion will majorly focus towards the conduction of an M.I.C.E business conference arrangement for a total count of 250 delegates for a period of 3 days. In addition, the discussion will also focus towards the identification and analysis of every possible green issue that might emerge within such conference meetings. The details regarding such green issues and conference planning has been provided in the undermined sections of this discussion. M.I.C.E conferences in the present business scenario have caught up tremendous amount of pace as a result of the increasing necessities of business engagements. Such necessities also stimulates the functionality pattern of multiple other transportation and hospitality organisations, which lays a significant amount of impact on the overall economic and